The American Civil War was fought from 1861-1865 and involved the United States of America against the Confederate States of America which comprised of 11 southern states. The eleven states had pulled out of the union in 1860 and 1861 because of a conflict over slavery.
The war was fought during the reign of President Abraham Lincoln who took a strong stance against slavery that led to the walkout of the 11 states soon after his election in 1860. Lincoln was determined to rule the United States as one nation and declined to recognize the independence of the breakaway Southern states as a sovereign union.
This led to the eruption of war in 1861 that continued until 1863 when Lincoln issued an Emancipation Proclamation. This proclamation was aimed at freeing slaves especially in areas that were considered to be rebelling against the United States. The proclamation also laid the foundation for slaves to regain their freedom across the entire country. He was re-elected in 1864 after triumphing over opponents who wanted a peace treaty signed in the Southern states only to be assassinated on April 14, 1865, by a southern sympathizer, John Wilkes Booth.